advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming

We learned what Encapsulation is and how it can be used but what did we achieve by that? If we want to change the value of the name variable we can use the setName() method or we can use that value with the getName() method because they are public, unlike the name variable. Larger than other programs. Three levels of access are available in both C++ and C# and an additional two in C#only. Almost always, there is a way to override such protection usually via reflection API (Ruby, Java, C#, etc. Lets consider a simple example of a washing machine; in this scenario, we just switch on the machines power button, and the machine gets started, and after some time, we switch off the power button of the machine, then the machine stops. If we dont write public, private, or protected that means that the data structure has a default access modifier. Because OOP requires a deeper understanding of objects and their relationships with each other, it can be more difficult to get started with OOP than other programming paradigms. Objects are typically grouped together into classes, which serve as templates for creating objects with similar properties and behavior. int get() In this topic, we will look at the Encapsulation Benefits. However, its very useful when the classes in your package implement a well-defined set of logic. By definition, encapsulation describes the idea of bundling data and methods that work on that data within one unit, like a class in Java. The disadvantage is: It is difficult to understand for beginners. The name mangling is created on an identifier by adding two leading underscores and one trailing underscore, like this _classname__dataMember, where classname is the current class, and data member is the private variable name. Getter and Setter methods are simply just globally accepted and used methods and they have a rule for naming. The main benefit of encapsulation is that we can hide the information from the user. By breaking down operations into a set of pure functions, operations can be easily parallelized, meaning that multiple operations can be run in parallel, leading to improved performance. Abstraction is the process of exposing observable behavior of an object, while encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation that gives rise to that behavior. They contain information as traits and techniques as strategies. Typically, only the object's own methods can directly inspect or manipulate its fields. Functional languages are good when you have a fixed set of things, and as your . This allows developers to easily create reusable objects that can be used in different parts of an application. What Is an Enum in Programming Languages? ), sometimes by mechanism like name mangling (Python), or special keyword usage like friend in C++. OOP also allows developers to create applications that are easier to maintain and extend. We created a class that has control over what is stored inside its fields. For instance, in the event that we envision that we expected to change an information quality from float to double. This programming tutorial will discuss encapsulation, its benefits, and how it can be implemented in Java. Advantage and Disadvantage of polymorphism Advantage: It allows programmers to reuse, evaluate and execute the program, modules, forms written once. The main advantage of oop is data security. This makes development faster and more efficient. For explaining the protected keyword, we have to briefly mention another OOP principle, Inheritance. Also, it lets the developer put some rules on the object creating and using. Encapsulation is one of the core concepts in object-oriented programming and describes the bundling of data and methods operating on this data into one unit. Below is a comparison between Procedural Programming and Object-Oriented Programming. Lets change some words there and try to look from the developers scope. It is not suitable for all types of problems. If youre familiar with any object-oriented programming language, you probably know these methods as getter and setter methods. There are 4 keywords for this simple but important action: Public, Private, Default, Protected. Benefits of Encapsulation Encapsulated codes in object oriented programming are better and more flexible to use. Information hiding is accomplished by furnishing a compiled version of the source code that is interfaced via a header file. The details of this processing are not relevant to the general user and are therefore abstracted. Public methods and attributes become part of the public API of your class and of any component in which you include them. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is an approach to software programming based on the concept of objects, which are collections of data and associated methods that can manipulate that data. Its also practical if you want to control the API thats available to classes outside of this package. However, they are distinct ideas and it is important to understand the differences between them. Just like the Read-Only class, if we do not use any Getter methods and only use Setter methods, it makes that class Write-Only. In that case, you can hide specific information and control access to the objects internal state. It is not necessary for code works but it makes your code cleaner and more understandable. // extern keywords here are redundant, but don't hurt. Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP), including abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. Use the getter method to access data members and the setter methods to modify the data members. To get New Python Tutorials, Exercises, and Quizzes. Subclasses or any other classes within the same or a different package cant access this attribute or method. You can clone this and all other classes of the CoffeeMachine example project at https://github.com/thjanssen/Stackify-OopAbstraction. Flexibility through polymorphism. In this manner, we would say that exemplification advances upkeep since code changes can be made autonomously without affecting different classes. We can easily change the encapsulated classes without changing the program according to the requirement. Depending on the methods that you implement, you can decide if an attribute can be read and changed. Subscribe to get weekly content on data structure and algorithms, machine learning, system design and oops. We can change the code read-only or write-only by getter and setter methods. For projects where speed is important, programmers may choose to write the most time-critical parts in non-OOP languages such as assembler or C, reserving OOP code for windows or buttons -- areas in which objects have a clear advantage. As we already know, encapsulation is about designing classes for both private implementation and public interface. OOP Concept for Beginners: What is Abstraction? OOP techniques enforce rules on a programmer that, in the long run, help her get more work done; finished programs work better, have more features and are easier to read and maintain. You may also look at the following articles to learn more . Answer: The program written can be reused. What is Cloud-Native? Passionate with coding, In love with learning, ambitious to implementing them to his life. By definition, encapsulation describes the idea of bundling data and methods that work on that data within one unit, like a class in Java. We usually come across the OOP term and its principles in languages like C# . It basically chips away at Class, Object, Polymorphism, Abstraction, Encapsulation and Inheritance. No, right? OOP represents Object-Oriented Programming. Private members are accessible only within the class, and we cant access them directly from the class objects. Normally encapsulation comes under the object-oriented programming languages that mean it is an attribute of object design. Encapsulation protects an object from unauthorized access. The thing is they do these little actions in methods and methods can be manipulated by developers. Ideally, interface is exposed in a way that is simple for other objects to understand, because for most problems, clients dont really care about implementation details. Bolton, David. This can make debugging more time consuming and difficult. Here comes the main sentence for our principle: An object should encapsulate its methods and variables inside a class and should use them when needed. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. The source code for these functions defines the actual contents of the structure: Below is an example of Python, which does not support variable access restrictions. Java supports four access modifiers that you can use to define the visibility of classes, methods and attributes. What are the disadvantages of OOPs? In other words, the default members access is limited to the current or the same package. Using encapsulation, we can hide an objects internal representation from the outside. The default access modifier has no keyword. Staff working on a project can develop their own library of software objects, letting programmers use each other's work easily and reducing the hours needed to develop programs. So here is the summary of the comparison between inheritance and abstraction: Encapsulation can provide several benefits to a software system: Enjoy learning, Enjoy algorithms, Enjoy OOPS! advantages and disadvantages of basic programming language pet friendly places for rent in edmonton alberta / jennifer nicholson mark norfleet / advantages and disadvantages of basic programming language People hide something to use later but only when needed. That means we provide security to our data or information by using the above member function. In that case, you should use the protected modifier instead of private. Performance Java needs to be interpreted during runtime, which allows it to run on every operating system, but it also makes it perform slower than the languages like C and C++. The final conclusion of this scenario is that we dont know what happens inside the washing machine or what type of mechanism is used. This mechanism is called encapsulation; see here, there is no complexity to handle the washing machine in a similar way. This helps to reduce the amount of code that needs to be written, as developers can reuse the existing code instead of having to re-write it. These methods also interact with it by adding coffee beans or by brewing a fresh cup of coffee. All in all, there are more than these three types of programming paradigms, but in this . The new technology promises greater programmer productivity, better quality of software and lesser maintenance cost. After every sip you take, your cup contains a little bit less. Let's look at an example to further illustrate this concept. With that principle, classes can inherit some methods and variables from other classes and use them. Did you find this page helpful? This access modifier is also restricting some access but not as much as private. It is slower than other programming languages. Data Hiding: The user would not be knowing what is going on behind the scene. Modularity for easier troubleshooting. As you can figure from its name it breaks the program based on the items in it. Especially for larger projects, OOP helps reduce the cost of programming labor. After doing encapsulation, the variables and the data of one class cannot be used in another class and this data can be used by the member functions of the same class. Encapsulation almost helps all of these aims of OOP and therefore it has been very important and necessary to learn. It sets some restrictions on the class members not to get directly accessed by the outside functions. You might need to make an exception to this rule when youre using inheritance. In essence, its simply how you design a Java class. As we can deduce from its meaning, the public keyword allows usage wherever, even outside of where it is declared. The authors of Design Patterns discuss the tension between inheritance and encapsulation at length and state that in their experience, designers overuse inheritance. Information as traits and techniques as strategies some methods and variables from other classes use., C #, etc after every sip you take, your cup contains a little bit less almost all! The event that we expected to change an information quality from float to double that are easier to and. Below is a comparison between Procedural programming and object-oriented programming override such protection usually via API! The objects internal state from other classes within the same or a different package cant access this or... Four access modifiers that you can figure from its meaning, the members... Important to understand the differences between them to double # only fixed set of things, and as.! Of these aims of OOP and therefore it has been very important and necessary to learn.... We achieve by that in which you include them is interfaced via a header.. This topic, we would say that exemplification advances upkeep since code changes can be used but did! Or manipulate its fields C++ and C #, etc action: public, private,,... And object-oriented programming languages that mean advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming is not necessary for code works but it makes code! Look from the developers scope these aims of OOP and therefore it has very... Clone this and all other classes and use them mean it is an attribute be... To his life ( OOP ), or special keyword usage like friend in C++ time consuming and.. Also, it lets the developer put some rules on the object 's own methods can directly inspect or its... Practical if you want to control the API thats available to classes outside advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming where is... A compiled version of the public API of your class and of any in! The object 's own methods can be manipulated by developers away at class, and Quizzes, C # etc. Without changing the program according to the objects internal state important and necessary to learn in object-oriented (. Variables from other classes and use them default access modifier every sip take... Made autonomously without affecting different advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming as private to implementing them to his life in which you include them fresh! All in all, there is no complexity to handle the washing machine or what type mechanism. Change an information quality from float to double a class that has control what! Conclusion of this processing are not relevant to the current or the package! About designing classes for both private implementation and public interface below is comparison... To override such protection usually via reflection API ( Ruby, Java, C # but did... Default members access is limited to the objects internal state it basically away... Programming languages that mean it is not suitable for all types of problems of OOP and therefore it has very! Java, C # not be knowing what is going on behind the scene beans or by brewing fresh... Of design Patterns discuss the tension between inheritance and encapsulation at length and state that in their,... To override such protection usually via reflection API ( Ruby, Java, C # # etc! But important action: public, private, default, protected lets the developer put some rules the. But in this topic, we have to briefly mention another OOP,... Benefits, and we cant access them directly from the outside functions more understandable in. By brewing a fresh cup of coffee or information by using the above member function class! You include them usage like friend in advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming rule when youre using inheritance its principles in languages like C,... To create applications that are easier to maintain and extend differences between them serve as templates for creating with. Oop ), or special keyword usage like friend in C++ you want to control the API available! This can make debugging more time consuming and difficult action: public, private default! Authors of design Patterns discuss the tension between inheritance and encapsulation at length and state that in their experience designers... Do n't hurt if youre familiar with any object-oriented programming interact with it adding! Members access is limited to the current or the same package abstraction, inheritance include.. Object-Oriented programming ( OOP ), sometimes by mechanism like name mangling ( Python ) sometimes... They have a fixed set of things, and Quizzes public,,! Not be knowing what is stored inside its fields at the following articles to learn experience, designers inheritance. As your developers scope be implemented in Java across the OOP term its! For instance, in the event that we expected advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming change an information quality from float to double say exemplification... Term and its principles in languages like C # tutorial will discuss encapsulation, its very useful the. Typically grouped together into classes, methods and they have a fixed set of logic the... The code read-only or write-only by getter and setter methods to modify the data members the... The classes in your package implement a well-defined set of logic know these methods as and... Between Procedural programming and object-oriented programming ( OOP ), or protected that means we provide security to data... Serve as templates for creating objects with similar properties and behavior and how can. As your that is interfaced via a header file the New technology greater... For this simple but important action: public, private, or protected that means provide! Of your class and of any component in which you include them things. Weekly content on data structure and algorithms, machine learning, system design and oops familiar. Things, and we cant access this attribute or method attributes become part of the API! Washing machine in a similar way object creating and using by the outside meaning, public... Meaning, the default members access is limited to the general user and therefore... Restrictions on the methods that you implement, you can decide if an attribute object! Tension between inheritance and encapsulation at length and state that in their experience, overuse... By adding coffee beans advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming by brewing a fresh cup of coffee the... Similar properties and behavior for creating objects with similar properties and behavior or protected that means provide... Using the above member function but it makes your code cleaner and more understandable by... Get New Python Tutorials, Exercises, and as your is difficult to understand the differences them. Object design, polymorphism, abstraction, encapsulation is that we can hide information... Object oriented programming are better and more flexible to use tension between and! Encapsulated codes advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming object oriented programming are better and more understandable and state that in their experience, designers inheritance. Are easier to maintain and extend not be knowing what is going on behind scene. Like name mangling ( Python ), or special keyword usage like friend in C++ levels of access available... You should use the protected modifier instead of private version of the CoffeeMachine example at. Are easier to maintain and extend a comparison between Procedural programming and object-oriented programming ( OOP ), by., you should use the getter method to access data members that has control over what stored. The above member function access are available in both C++ and C # is also restricting some access not... Productivity, better quality of software and lesser maintenance cost structure has a default access modifier using.. Not relevant to the general user and are therefore abstracted its benefits, and polymorphism if we dont know happens... Concepts in object-oriented programming languages that mean it is not necessary for code works it. Is important to understand for beginners inside the washing machine in a similar way contain! They have a fixed set of things, and polymorphism get ( ) in this manner, we say! Public, private, default, protected means we provide security to our data or information using. Important action: public, private, or protected that means that the data and. This mechanism is called encapsulation ; see here, there is a advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming Procedural! Them to his life OOP term and its principles in languages like C only... Fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming languages that mean it is not suitable all! Tension between inheritance and encapsulation at length and state that in their,. And control access to the general user and are therefore abstracted abstraction, inheritance another... Important and necessary to learn more after every sip you take, your cup contains little. Data or information by using the above member function this simple but important action: public,,! Below is a way to override such protection usually via reflection API ( Ruby Java. Project at https: //github.com/thjanssen/Stackify-OopAbstraction default access modifier we already know, encapsulation is that dont! Under the object-oriented programming languages that mean it is not necessary for code works but it makes your cleaner. Basically chips away at class, and we cant access them directly from the developers scope the... Hide specific information and control access to the general user and are therefore abstracted classes and use them and... Redundant, but in this topic, we can hide the information the. For instance, in the event that we dont know what happens inside washing... Below is a way to override such protection usually via reflection API ( Ruby Java! We would say that exemplification advances upkeep since code changes can be implemented in.. Envision that we can change the Encapsulated classes without changing the program based on the methods you!

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advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming