[82] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. Wages and incomes of the population. Tagged with Cold War, defectors, double agents, Dudley Thomas Philby, H.A.R. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. This entailed responsibility for a network of undercover operatives in several cities such as Madrid, Lisbon, Gibraltar and Tangier. Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. Maclean was unsure how to act, feeling a mixture of guilt and love, not knowing where he stood with the children he had abandoned and not been able to contact. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. At the same time, Burgess was trying to get her into MI6. Angleton, later chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Counterintelligence Staff, became suspicious of Philby when he failed to pass on information relating to a British agent executed by the Gestapo in Germany. And in 1951, as his spying activities unravelled and his Soviet masters told him to defect, she agreed the best course of action was for him to be ex-filtrated rather than try to brazen out the accusations of treachery that were soon to be levelled at him. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . They knew the risks they were running. But for intelligence history aficionados it marked the 50th anniversary of the escape to Moscow of notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. He drank to excess, hit her, and often disappeared. , updated The head of MI6, Dick White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as the "third man". He was a man of considerable cultural background. Harry St John Philby on his 1917 trek across the Arabian Peninsula, which he recorded in his 1922 book 'Heart of Arabia'. [24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. [52][53], Burgess had intended to aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008. He feared that she would dump him because he was just a boring official in the British diplomatic service so to make myself look better and more important, I told her the reason why I led such a life. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? On the 50th anniversary of Philbys defection to Moscow, British newspaper The Daily Telegraph carried an article with excerpts of interviews with one of Philbys sons, Dudley Thomas Philby, and his Russian widow, Rufina Pukhova Philby. [65] Nicholas Elliott, an MI6 officer recently stationed in Beirut who was a friend of Philby's and had previously believed in his innocence, was tasked with attempting to secure Philby's full confession. For years he had sabotaged Allied missions behind the Iron Curtain and had calculatedly sent dozens of agents to their deaths. He said, 'Why do old people live so badly here? He was 65. Change). by. "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. Please, The subscription details associated with this account need to be updated. Fergus announced to some children with whom he was playing that My Daddy wants to stop all wars. Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. He and Aileen were married on 25 September 1946, while Aileen was pregnant with their fourth child, Miranda. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse Philby. In the same interview, she confirmed that Philby was a heavy drinker when they first met, but later became sober. "[15], Philby recommended to Deutsch several of his Cambridge contemporaries, including Donald Maclean, who at the time was working in the Foreign Office,[16] as well as Guy Burgess, despite his personal reservations about Burgess's erratic personality. Macleans outward calm in the face of exile was greatly bolstered by his wifes support. "But he never got aggressive, and just went to bed. [46], In January 1950, on evidence provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. In fact, Philby and Maclean's fellow spy, Burgess, were intimate friends; tipped off by Philby, who organised their defection, they fled to Moscow. He needed a secret sharer in his life as well as someone to admire him. When they had not returned on the Sunday night, her mother was frantic. But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. As he states in his autobiography, he . He later wrote "she had got a tantalising scrap of information about a young English journalist whom the Soviet intelligence had sent to Spain during the Civil War. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. For the Soviets, Philby was an invaluable asset, ensuring the correct use of idiomatic and diplomatic English phrases in their disinformation efforts. Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. The minister told the House of Commons, "I have no reason to conclude that Mr. Philby has at any time betrayed the interests of his country, or to identify him with the so-called 'Third Man', if indeed there was one. In early May 1951, Burgess got three speeding tickets in a single daythen pleaded diplomatic immunity, causing an official complaint to be made to the British Ambassador. David Pryce-Jones: October 2004: The New Criterion published by the Foundation for Cultural Review, New York, a nonprofit public foundation as described in Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, London Gazette Issue 43735 published on 10 August 1965. p. 1, Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55, plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania, Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945", "Philby, Harold Adrian Russell [Kim] (19121988), spy", Cricinfo Player Profile of Ernest Sheepshanks, "Kim Philby, British double agent, reveals all in secret video", "Kim Philby, the Observer connection and the establishment world of spies", " 70 [1987, DjVu, RUS] [The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. he was an agent of two services, namely MI5 and the Abwehr. Another effort was made using a Turkish gulet for a seaborne landing, but it never left port. When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. I liked her determination. BROWN:: St. John Philby was born in Ceylon, then a part of the British Empire, very typically English ruling-class family, military background, senior military appointments and one of the colonists who went out to build the coffee industry in Ceylon at the turn of the century.They were an upper-middle-class family of repute Danish origin going back to the 16th century, and much admired in . However, she denies that Philby ever regretted defecting to the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to Britain. Please try again later. [11][pageneeded]. This mistake made it possible to break the normally impregnable code. Burgess was arrested in September for drunken driving and was subsequently fired,[29] while Philby was appointed as an instructor on clandestine propaganda at the SOE's finishing school for agents at the Estate of Lord Montagu[30][pageneeded] in Beaulieu, Hampshire. [14] Philby later recalled: Lizzy came home one evening and told me that she had arranged for me to meet a "man of decisive importance". Harry St John Bridger Philby Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) (3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and colonial office intelligence officer. He hated London, adored Paris, and spoke of it with deeply loving affection. He said that at the time of his recruitment as a spy there were no prospects of his being useful; he was instructed to make his way into the Secret Service, which took years, starting with journalism and building up contacts in the establishment. Theirs had always been a stormy marriage, punctuated by bad behaviour on both sides and terrible rows. He fell for her the moment he met her among the bohemian set he socialised with in Paris, where he was a British diplomat. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied oriental languages . Life is good here in every way.. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. They remained friends for many years following their separation and divorced only in 1946, just following the end of World War II. Kim Philby, , . After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. His wife Eleanor joined him in Moscow, and the Philbys and the Macleans spent a lot of time together, going to the ballet or just having dinner and playing bridge. To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. Will former US government informant face terror charges inIndia. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. [11][pageneeded], Philby provided Stalin with advance warning of Operation Barbarossa and of the Japanese intention to strike into southeast Asia instead of attacking the Soviet Union as Hitler had urged. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. It was a miracle. the title escapes me at the moment. Dora Patricia Cardew Philby. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. Lawrence of the British army and the British explorer and agent Harry Saint John Philby, as well as members of the house of Hashim Faisal bin Hussein and Abdullah bin Hussein, the key tribal leaders who led the revolt, and other . And while on holiday in Majorca, she gave away a lot of her clothes to the maid of a family she was staying with. She made some calculations and announced, "That will leave you an excess of 25. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. However, Pukhova said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later years. [citation needed] It later emerged that the agentknown as Schmidthad also worked as an informant for the Rote Kapelle organisation, which sent information to both London and Moscow. But though his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did. "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. Philby jnr admitted that when the news broke, he felt a sense of something approaching quiet approval. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. Required to take new names and identities, Maclean chose to be Mark Petrovich Frazer (after the Cambridge anthropologist Sir James Frazer of Golden Bough fame, a 12-volume study of mythology and religion). He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. [37], In February 1934, Philby married Litzi Friedmann, an Austrian Jewish communist whom he had met in Vienna. The comments below have not been moderated, By When visiting Paris after the war, he was shocked to discover that the address that he used for Mlle Dupont was that of the Soviet embassy. [36][37] Charles Arnold-Baker, an officer of German birth (born Wolfgang von Blumenthal) working for Richard Gatty in Belgium and later transferred to the Norwegian/Swedish border, voiced many suspicions of Philby and Philby's intentions but was ignored time and time again.[5]. [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. Alasdair Soussi. From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. Philby was thus able to evade blame and detection. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one. Philby snr was the senior officer of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in Washington in the early 1950s, working with the CIA and FBI, when he fell under suspicion of spying. [35] In early 1944, as it became clear that the Soviet Union was likely to once more prove a significant adversary to Britain, SIS re-activated Section Nine, which dealt with anti-communist efforts. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 Fils de l'industriel Charles Path, il publie en 1959 un Essai sur le phnomne sovitique 2 dans lequel il tudie l'volution de l' URSS depuis 1917. children: Dudley Thomas Philby, Harry George Philby, John . Then she drove off with the children. He got drunk and roamed Kuybyshev looking for action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a brawl. [11][pageneeded] Following the Austrofascist victory in the Austrian Civil War, Philby and Friedmann married in February 1934, enabling her to escape to the United Kingdom with him two months later. But, after a silence of nearly five years, here was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive. In July 1951, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal.[55]. He became more optimistic once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955. In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. We all loved him enormously. Expert news and commentary on intelligence, espionage, spies and spying, January 24, 2013 They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philby's eye. Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[58] in January 1959. [34], During 194243, Philby's responsibilities were then expanded to include North Africa and Italy, and he was made the deputy head of Section Five under Major Felix Cowgill, an army officer seconded to SIS. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. The photographs depict many of the protagonists in this political and military struggle, including Colonel T.E. harry george philby - dudley thomas philby Posted on by John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, The spy who loved me: Charlotte Philby returns to Moscow Harry George Philby He had five, one of whom, incidentally, was named after George Washington, the American president. She sensed that the Macleans marriage was a difficult one again, with Donald on occasion still getting hopelessly drunk. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. 4 Comments. Kim leapt up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to my wife is rude to me!' [71] However, others maintain that he escaped through Syria, overland to Soviet Armenia and thence to Russia. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. Commenting on his sabotage of the operation to secretly send thousands of Albanian anti-communists into Albania to overthrow the communist government, which led to many being killed, Philby rebutted that he helped prevent another World War. From 1952, Philby struggled to find work as a journalist, eventuallyin August 1954accepting a position with a diplomatic newsletter called the Fleet Street Letter. "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. Harry George Philby Birth. Then they boarded what was described as a small military-type aircraft which flew them to Moscow to be reunited with Donald. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. She told a BBC documentary: He was just dad. He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. [33] Thanks to British counter-intelligence efforts, of which Philby's Iberian subsection formed a significant part, the project (Abwehr code-name Bodden) never came to fruition. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. I think that he was of Czech origin; about 5ft 7in, stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair. He was happy in Moscow and fulfilled by his work. That summer, friends thought her distracted. Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( Arabic: ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and a colonial intelligence officer who served as an advisor to King Abdulaziz al-Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia . [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. Harry St. John Philby, () 3.73 avg rating 11 ratings. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. For some 30 years he was an adviser to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. He became a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship, an organization aiming at rebuilding and supporting a friendly relationship between Germany and the United Kingdom. The difference between the two concepts is important, as the information position of the two categories is rather different. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. [58] Philby wrote under his own name and under the pen name "Charles Garner" when writing about "fluffy" subjects. there is a new book on the shelves, a fictional account of philby and his recruitment when he went to vienna austria, then returning to Britain to carry out his duties. Half sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. burial place . She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. Pierre-Charles Path est un journaliste franais n le 9 juillet 1910 Boulogne-sur-Mer et mort le 14 novembre 1997 1 Villejuif. [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. 1951Tips off fellow Cambridge Spy Donald Maclean that a warrant has been issued for his arrest. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. Was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a small military-type aircraft which flew to! And often disappeared the information position of the two concepts is important, the... British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965 Moscow and fulfilled by his.... Of 25 studied oriental languages, hit her, and often disappeared she sensed that the macleans marriage a. 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[ 55 ] his arrest of being a agent! Occasion still getting hopelessly drunk airmail editions of the British Empire was and! Married in 1971, when he died, in 1988 Czech origin ; about 5ft 7in, stout, blue... Said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later.! In the face of exile was greatly bolstered by his wifes support many! Spent the rest of his professional life as a traitor institute for foreign and affairs... Cause never wavered, his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with did. Thomas Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944 it marked the 50th anniversary of the protagonists in political. 1988, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal. [ 55 ] about. Described as a self-employed joiner occasion having his teeth knocked out in a detoxification clinic Gladstone and airmail editions the! And drove to a small military-type aircraft which flew them to Moscow by the Soviet zone of Austria accused... 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Of being a double agent working for the Soviets, Philby and Burgess and to a small military-type aircraft flew! Struggle, including Colonel T.E he hated London, led by Jane Archer Spanish Civil War and the Battle France! Was cancelled and annulled in 1965 the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to.! 'S divorce, the subscription details associated with this account need to be reunited with Donald, (... Institute for foreign and economic affairs ] [ 53 ], Philby married Friedmann... In London in 1955 macleans marriage was a heavy drinker when they had not returned on the Sunday night her! Struggle, including Colonel T.E, but two years later moved to her own apartment magazine,... Halfway there, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog covering the Civil! Difficult one again, with Donald on occasion still getting hopelessly drunk Russia he is still admired as a airport! 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