For an online, self-service experience, please visit: Former UVF leader Gusty Spence (right) announced the loyalist ceasefires in 1994 THE Ulster Volunteer Force was outlawed after two Catholic men and a Protestant pensioner were killed by the. [38] This came to a climax on 4 December, when the UVF bombed McGurk's Bar, a Catholic-owned pub in Belfast. [66] The UVF also killed senior IRA paramilitary members Liam Ryan, John 'Skipper' Burns and Larry Marley. Augustus Gusty Spence (78), was convicted for a sectarian murder in 1966 and was a figurehead of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) which killed hundreds of people when the full violence of the Troubles began three years later. The British Army were deployed on the streets of Northern Ireland. Anderson, Malcolm & Bort, Eberhard (1999). [43] Jackson was allegedly the hitman who shot Hanna dead outside his home in Lurgan. The feud with the UDA ended in December following seven deaths. It used submachine guns, assault rifles, shotguns, pistols, grenades (including homemade grenades), incendiary bombs, booby trap bombs and car bombs. In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an. Video, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story, Harry and Meghan told to 'vacate' Frogmore Cottage, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, Dozens of girls treated after new Iran poisonings, Prince Andrew offered Frogmore Cottage - reports, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Beer and wine sales in Canada fall to all-time low, Man survives 31 days in jungle by eating worms, Havana Syndrome unlikely to have hostile cause - US. Spence was initially held over the murder of the first victim of the Troubles, John Scullion, who was shot by the UVF in the Falls Road area of Belfast. Almost 10 years later in October 1994, he was chosen to announce to the world that the main loyalist paramilitary groups, the UVF and the UDA, were declaring ceasefires in response to an IRA cessation. LocationLa Habra, CA 90631 EmailGet a free estimate Call(562) 579-5980. [58], The UVF's nickname is "Blacknecks", derived from their uniform of black polo neck jumper, black trousers, black leather jacket, black forage cap, along with the UVF badge and belt. Another former PUP leader, Dawn Purvis, said Spence's opinions began to shift sooner than is generally perceived. The report added that individuals, some current and some former members, in the group have, without the orders from above, continued to "localised recruitment", and although some continued to try and acquire weapons, including a senior member, most forms of crime had fallen, including shootings and assaults. [33] His fugitive status earned him the short-lived nickname the "Orange Pimpernel". The funeral of 78-year-old Gusty Spence, the former leader of the UVF paramilitary organisation, has taken place in Belfast. "We have to get in there, and stay in there," he continued, remembering that "it took several hundred years to bring about this situation, so we must have a little bit of patience. [85][86], On 2526 October 2010, the UVF was involved in rioting and disturbances in the Rathcoole area of Newtownabbey with UVF gunmen seen on the streets at the time. [155], Billy Wright, the commander of the UVF Mid-Ulster Brigade, is believed to have started dealing drugs in 1991[156] as a lucrative sideline to paramilitary murder. Sinn Fin's Gerry Kelly claimed that while Spence had been central to the development of loyalist paramilitarism, "he will also be remembered as a major influence in drawing loyalism away from sectarian strife". Augustus Andrew Spence (28 June 1933 [2] - 25 September 2011) was a leader of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. Drong de dhnmharfir srathacha ab ea Bistir na Seanchille a bh gnomhach i m Bal Feirste sna 1970id. [126] Later, in September 1972, Gusty Spence said in an interview that the organisation had a strength of 1,500. During 1970, 42 Catholic-owned licensed premises in Protestant areas were bombed. Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British Army soldier from Northern Ireland.The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles.It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have . [134] Like the IRA, the UVF also operated black taxi services,[135][136][137] a scheme believed to have generated 100,000 annually for the organisation. From late 1975 to mid-1977, a unit of the UVF dubbed the Shankill Butchers (a group of UVF men based on Belfast's Shankill Road) carried out a series of sectarian murders of Catholic civilians. During the riot, UVF members shot dead RUC officer Victor Arbuckle. Fifteen Catholic civilians were killed and seventeen wounded. Browse funeral homes near La Habra Heights, California. A controlled explosion was carried out and the bomb was later declared a hoax. The gang comprised, in addition to the UVF, rogue elements of the UDR, RUC, SPG, and the regular Army, all acting allegedly under the direction of the British Intelligence Corps and/or RUC Special Branch. "However he did dedicate himself to peace and reconciliation for much of his later life so he will also be remembered as a major influence in drawing loyalism away from sectarian strife," he added. [5] The family home was 66 Joseph Street in an area of the lower Shankill known colloquially as "the Hammer". [citation needed], On 26 March 2022, the UVF was linked to a hoax bomb alert at a bar in Warrenpoint, County Down. Bates, employed as a barman at the Long Bar, was recruited into the Shankill Butchers gang in 1975 by its notorious ringleader, Lenny Murphy. Read about our approach to external linking. Gusty Spence was a significant figure in loyalist Belfast for most of . [128] Information regarding the role of women in the UVF is limited. [75] This was to take effect from midnight. [1] Spence, along with other Shankill Road loyalists, broke from Paisley in 1965 when they sided with Jim Kilfedder in a row that followed the latter's campaigns in Belfast West. [67] According to Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN), the UVF killed 17 active and four former republican paramilitaries. [2], In August 2000, Spence was caught up in moves by Johnny Adair's "C" Company of the UDA to take control of the Shankill by forcing out the UVF and other opponents. During its 12 July 1967 march, the Orange lodge to which he belonged stopped outside the prison in tribute to him. That year, a string of tit-for-tat pub bombings began in Belfast. "Sunningdale pushed hard-liners into fatal outrages in 1974". Human error to blame for train crash - Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Hundreds of mourners have attended the funeral of the former loyalist leader Gusty Spence. [56] The UVF's activities in the last years of the decade were increasingly being curtailed by the number of UVF members who were sent to prison. [21] The shootings led to Spence's being sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommended minimum sentence of twenty years. In 2007, he announced that the UVF and an associated group, the Red Hand Commando, would cease to exist in their previous form. . [34] Spence was arrested along with around thirty other men at a UVF drinking club in Brennan Street; but after giving a false name, he was released. [40] These were all subordinate to the Brigade Staff. Spence's biographer Roy Garland said he had formed unlikely relationships and challenged conventional loyalist thinking. [58][59][105] Graham has held the position since he assumed office in 1976. Former Ulster Volunteer Force leader Gusty Spence has died aged 78. . He was jailed for life for the murder of a Catholic barman in 1966 and served 18 years in prison. [83], The UVF was blamed for the shotgun killing of expelled RHC member Bobby Moffett on the Shankill Road on the afternoon of 28 May 2010, in front of passers-by including children. [21] This occurred despite Spence having been officially expelled from the Orange Order following his conviction. [2] In 1978, Spence left the UVF altogether. Spence was initially held over the murder of the first victim of the Troubles, John Scullion, who was shot by the UVF in the Falls Road area of Belfast. [41] Furthermore, the VPP suffered a heavy defeat in West Belfast in the October 1974 general election, when the DUP candidate John McQuade captured six times as many votes as the VPP's Ken Gibson. [36] Catholic churches were also attacked. [103], On 25 March 2022, the UVF was blamed[by whom?] Although Mr Lynch was from a different tradition, he had "welcomed his friendship," and he recalled the conversations they had about peace in Ireland. Human error to blame for train crash - Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. The Irish Army set up field hospitals near the border. The UVF's leadership is based in Belfast and known as the Brigade Staff. The Reverend Martin Smyth was influential in Spence' being thrown out the Orange Order. Six of the victims were abducted at random, then beaten and tortured before having their throats slashed. The biggest of these was the 1974 Dublin and Monaghan bombings, which killed 34 civilians, making it the deadliest terrorist attack of the conflict. Gusty Spence received primary education at Riddell Memorial (1938-43) and Hemsworth Square (1943-7) public elementary schools, both in the Shankill area. [39], Spence began to move towards a position of using political means to advance one's aims, and he persuaded the UVF leadership to declare a temporary ceasefire in 1973. [9] Spence served until 1961 when ill-health forced him to leave. Ms Purvis encouraged young loyalists at the funeral to read the political doctrines encouraged by Mr Spence. [21] In April 1966, Ulster loyalists led by Ian Paisley, a Protestant fundamentalist preacher, founded the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee (UCDC). [30] There were bombings on 30 March, 4 April, 20 April, 24 April and 26 April. But he was also credited with being a driving force in delivering the loyalist ceasefires of the mid-1990s that helped bring an end to the decades of conflict. Spence's biographer Roy Garland said he had formed unlikely relationships and challenged conventional loyalist thinking. Spence told Radio Ulster that the UVF had been "engaged in murder, attempted murder of civilians, attempted murder of police officers. In 2007, he announced that the UVF and an associated group, the Red Hand Commando, would cease to exist in their previous form. "[154], According to Alan McQuillan, the assistant director of the Assets Recovery Agency in 2005, "In the loyalist community, drug dealing is run by the paramilitaries and it is generally run for personal gain by a large number of people." But despite the statement, the UVF was subsequently involved in sporadic violence, including several murders. The party's former leader Dawn Purvis told his funeral in the loyalist heartland of Belfasts Shankill Road that Mr Spence became involved in violence in the 1960s. Explosives for the north were mostly shipped in small boats which set out at night from the Scottish coast and made contact at sea with vessels from Ulster ports." It would continue these tactics for the rest of its campaign. We are heavily armed Protestants dedicated to this cause. Ontario is to Ulster Protestants what Boston is to Irish Catholics." Formed in 1965, it first emerged in 1966. "The untouchable informers facing exposure at last". THE self described "old UVF man", Mr Gusty Spence (64), gave a brief oration at the funeral of Mr Jim Lynch (72), a former officer commanding (OC) of the IRA, at Cootehill, Co Cavan,. She is committed to explaining your options. When the Assets Recovery Agency won a High Court order to seize luxury homes belonging to ex-policeman Colin Robert Armstrong and his partner Geraldine Mallon in 2005, Alan McQuillan said "We have further alleged Armstrong has had links with the UVF and then the LVF following the split between those organisations." It was alleged that Colin Armstrong had links to both drugs and loyalist terrorists. The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. The UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade was founded in 1972 in Lurgan by Billy Hanna, a sergeant in the UDR and a member of the Brigade Staff, who served as the brigade's commander, until he was shot dead in July 1975. It was during his time in the Maze prison that Spence began to talk politics and encouraged others to do the same. There was to be much overlap in membership between the UCDC/UPV and the UVF.[22]. "On behalf of Sinn Fein I would wish to extend my condolences to his family at this time.". A number of friends and family members spoke at the service at St Michael's Church of Ireland on the Shankill Road. 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It issued a statement vowing to "remove republican elements from loyalist areas" and stop them "reaping financial benefit therefrom". Sociologist Steven Bruce described the support networks in Canada as "the main source of support for loyalism outside the United Kingdom . After his release December 1984, Spence was a key figure in developing UVF thinking and indirectly its political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party. [20], Since 1964 and the formation of the Campaign for Social Justice, there had been a growing civil rights campaign in Northern Ireland, seeking to highlight discrimination against Catholics by the unionist government of Northern Ireland. The latter had formally asked Spence for his daughter's hand in marriage during a prison visit. He lived to see the end of The Troubles and a power-sharing administration in place at Stormont but with no presence from the group he represented. In incidents carried out within days of each other in June 1966, Mr Spences gang killed two Catholic men, plus a Protestant pensioner who was murdered in a failed attempt to burn a neighbouring Catholic-owned bar. [157] It was around this time that Sunday World journalists Martin O'Hagan and Jim Campbell coined the term "rat pack" for the UVF's murderous mid-Ulster unit and, unable to identify Wright by name for legal reasons, they christened him "King Rat." [29], On 12 October, a loyalist protest in the Shankill became violent. . The weapons were Palestine Liberation Organisation arms captured by the Israelis and sold to Armscor, the South African state-owned company which, in defiance of a 1977 United Nations arms embargo, set about making South Africa self-sufficient in military hardware. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read about our approach to external linking. Adair's men forced their way into Spence's Shankill home but found it empty, as Spence tended to spend much of the summer at a caravan he owned in Groomsport. After his release December 1984, Spence was a key figure in developing UVF thinking and indirectly its political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party. It would attack the Republic again in May 1974, during the two-week Ulster Workers' Council strike. The unnamed woman stated, "When you go out and throw a petrol bomb through a widow's window, you're no peacemaker. [29], On 12 August 1969, the "Battle of the Bogside" began in Derry. [145], Scotland was a source of funding and aid, supplying explosives and guns. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. But despite the statement, the UVF was subsequently involved in sporadic violence, including several murders. Augustus Andrew "Gusty" Spence (28 June 1933 [2] - 25 September 2011) was a leader of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. ][102] On 11 April, the UVF reportedly ordered the removal of Catholic families from a housing estate in Carrickfergus. Augustus (Gusty) Spence Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), Protestant paramilitary organization founded in Northern Ireland in 1966. One of the first UVF members to be convicted of murder, Spence was a senior figure in the organisation for over a decade. [47] Beginning in 1975, recruitment to the UVF, which until then had been solely by invitation, was now left to the discretion of local units.[48]. [30] He remained at large for four months and during that time even gave an interview to ITV's World in Action in which he called for the UVF to take an increased role in the Northern Ireland conflict against the Provisional IRA. "[140], Protestants in Canada also supported the loyalist paramilitaries in the conflict. He would go on to hold private talks with the then Taoiseach Albert Reynolds. What's he waiting for? He added: "He formed a relationship with Cardinal O'Fiach and that was in some of our ways of thinking in those days a big step because the Catholic church in particular were the enemy. In 1971, these ramped up their activity against the British Army and RUC. Independentie. [44] In 1977, he publicly condemned the use of violence for political gain, on the grounds that it was counter-productive. The group is a proscribed organisation and is on the terrorist organisation list of the United Kingdom.[8]. [3] Spence Snr was a member of the Ulster Volunteers and had fought in the First World War. Major emergency declared at Wexford General Hospital following fire, Detectives revisit scene where PSNI officer was shot, appealing for further information, Welsh minister launches Welsh language programme at Dublin Gaelscoil, Ferry operator floats idea of green lanes on Dublin-Holyhead route for goods bound for North, Dozens at Co Donegal firm exploited Covid-19 illness benefit payments, Sean Quinns former Dublin pub sold for 3.75m, Eleanor Catton on Jacinda Arderns pretty huge betrayal of young people in New Zealand, Im worried I ruined a strangers date night, Sharp decrease in number of asylum seekers arriving in Ireland recorded, Baby died after traumatic delivery into toilet at Rotunda, inquest hears, Manchester United come from behind to beat West Ham and set up quarter-final against Fulham, Arsenal put four goals past Everton to go five points clear at top of table, Willis return to Toulouse gives England and Borthwick a headache, Van Dijk and Salah on target to give Liverpool home win over Wolves, The Dry: A comedy about addiction thats all too easy to give up. 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